Charater in education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Charater in education - raise ExampleCharacter education is mainly based on two premises. The first premise is that virtues ar objectively the good human qualities and atomic number 18 good for humans whether they know them or not. Virtues have a claim on humans personal as well as collective conscience. Basically, they are affirmed by religions and cultures around the world. In simpler terms, virtues express the common humanity of human beings. They transcend cadence and culture. Unselfishness, pursuit of truth, diligence, wisdom, perseverance and patience has always and will remain to be virtues, irrespective of the number of pile practicing them (Lickona, 2004).Humans form beliefs that make it more likely for them to act virtuously in future. Beliefs are not only the mental states worth mentioning, but emotions and desires are also equally important for virtuous demeanour. besides having a belief, for example to stop gossiping can leave somebody indifferent to actually perf orm in that way if he or she does not also help about these things. Therefore, for humans to bring virtuous they have to form appropriate beliefs and cultivate the right emotions and desires. Right emotions and desires are the components that play a central role in having virtuous people (YouTube video, 2007).The very first set of beliefs basically has to do with the character of other people. However, people also beliefs about themselves such as believing that they are honest, they care about other people, and their spouses think that they care for other people or other people do not see them as lazy.The first two sets of beliefs are mainly about peoples own virtuous character. Labeling themselves in this way can have an effect on their virtuous behavior since they want to live up to how they believe in themselves to be moral people. On the other hand, the ternion and the fourth beliefs have to do with

China's Health Care Initiative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinas Health Care Initiative - Assignment ExampleIn general, financial difficulties in China make it difficult for the government to provide and for private citizens to access quality health services. Moreover, cardinal of the basic aspects of health promotion is grounded on health fosterage. Health education is a function of confused health professionals, but more so for nurses who often spend the most time with affected roles and their families and who are often deployed in the community setting. It is therefore important to conceptualize a program which can maximize the agency of nurses in health education and community activism. Hence, this program is being conceptualized as a means of meliorate the health outcomes in China. Goal/Objective/Activity Goal To conceptualize a health education plan which will be taught by the hospital nurses to their patient during the latters stay in the hospital and by community-based nurses in the community setting Objectives 1. To teach pr oper hand-washing techniques to the patients and their families before discharge. Activities a. Demonstrating proper hand-washing techniques to the patient and their families. b. Explaining to the family the importance of applying proper hand-washing techniques and how they can prevent the spread and the acquisition of diseases through hand-washing c. Asking the patient and the family to dispute proper hand-washing techniques prior to discharge. ... b. Teaching the patients and the members of the community the schedules of immunization, the types of immunization available, and the benefits of having their children immunized 3. To teach the patients and the community the importance of a salutary diet and figure out, along with appropriate techniques in achieving optimum health outcomes. Activities a. Teaching the patients and the community the diametric benefits of adapting a healthy diet and exercise in ones life. This includes teaching the patients the divers(prenominal) infi xed foods which can provide optimum health and resistance to diseases. b. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of exercise and the contrary activities in which they can participate to reduce excess weight and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. c. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of avoiding excess intake of alcohol and/or drugs the benefits of quitting smoking and the different ways they can avoid the transmission and the acquisition of sexually-transmitted diseases. 4. To teach the patients and the members of the community the importance of early taproom and treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Activities a. Teaching the patients the importance of having regular check-ups and diagnostic procedures in order to ensure the early detection of diseases like cancer or AIDS. b. Teaching female patients how to right on conduct breast self examination and male patients how to conduct prostate self-examinations. This also involves teachi ng patients the different early signs and symptoms which can indicate the presence of diseases. Rationale/Significance Nurses are at the very capitulum of health care delivery (Chambliss, 1996).

Medication Errors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Medication Errors - Research Paper ExampleNurses pretend errors when giving medications in any of these stages with most of the errors being done at the prescribing stage. Most errors that care fors do as yet are the administering errors that admit up 26-32% of total medication errors (Unver et al, 2012). The most unfortunate thing about these errors is that they drive not been intercepted by anyone but recent technological advancements focus on reducing them.It can be argued that most nurses do not conduct these errors knowingly as there are many factors that stand to the medication errors. One factor that makes nurses make errors in administering medication is having wrong patient details. It is essential for a nurse to have all the information about a patient as it determines things like the venereal infection he or he is given. A patient can conceal to a nurse that he or she is allergic to various medication and in the event the nurse prescribes to the patient a euphony that would trigger an allergic reaction, a case of medication errors arises (Lan et al, 2014). Environmental factors also make nurses make medication errors. A nurse is likely to make a mistake in administering medication in operative environments that are not conducive. There are high chances that a nurse working in a cluttered environment will make a medication error when administering or preparing drugs. If a nurse is preparing a drug in a poorly lit place, he or she will certainly make a mistake.The extensive learning that nursing students go through when learning does not make them be in a position where they can recognize and differentiate every drug in the market and this makes them confuse some drugs. There are incidents where nurses mistake certain drugs that have the same forwarding and recommend them to innocent patient (Cheragi et al, 2013). To help reduce this confusion, the companies making these medicines should differentiate the drugs as much as

The Trouble With Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Trouble With lineage Ethics - Essay ExampleIt was concluded after investigation that Lowry was wrong in her judgment and the disciplines to the highest degree Mona Williams were falsely accused. But this lead to the exposure of Lowry herself and she was terminated from the job and is searching for other jobs outside of Wal-Mart. at that place are few features that makes whistle b piteousing a dangerous act for the employees one of the reasons that employees are afraid to report such behaviors is that they will either lose their jobs or they would be relocated to a different and low profile post.Ethical behavior is one of the key which is taught during the training of the new employees but the credibility of the alike is lost because most of the companies which are pro active in ensuring that ethical requirements are met are the companies which were involved in the same crime at one time or the other.The whistle blowing is a poser job to perform because under law a person be come liable to report a crime and if he does non report a crime he is as guiltier as the perpetrator himself. But to announce a crime is not the end rather its the means to bring of an investigation and legal case and legal proving and so on. These activities take a lot of time of the singular and a lot of family life is ignored which has even lead to worst scenarios as divorce cases. some of the employees leave the organization to report such issues because they are afraid that if they do while they are on the job(p) they wouldnt be able to find other suitable jobs in case they are not protected by the company. That is why in most of the cases the ethical issues are not reported and in few the person first secures him/herself with other financial sources before going after the company who mogul not even take them seriously.The whistle blower are not appropriately protected by the companies if they would have given the sense of security and trust they would not have

What are the effects of a new experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What are the effects of a new experience - Essay ExampleThis newsprint discusses some of the effects of experience. New experiences alter an individuals concepts about the subject of experience. Lets examine the case from the perspective of a small fry. Children are brave because they have no knowledge of the dangers associated with things kindred plugs. A child would be less than half as reluctant as an adult to enter his finger into a plug turned on because he does not know that it can hurt. However, when the child has had an experience of being hurt by an electric shock upon the intrusion of finger into the plug at least once, he would remember for the next time the potential danger associated with the act, and would become just as reluctant to do the act in the future as an adult, because the two would have, at this stage, gained the same essence of knowledge about the dangers of electricity. From this example, it can be estimated that experiences shape an individuals approa ch towards different matters of life. The changed intuition tells an individual what course of action should be adopted in similar circumstances in the future.

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Business - Essay ExampleThey both provide the English well-grounded system necessary tools for the correct and fair application of jurisprudence. They are flexible yet rigid so as to ensure consistency of approach and certainty of law.1 statutory Interpretation Parliament has the power to enact laws. The law making is subject to a long and complicated process. butterflys in England and Wales have the power to take these laws (statutes) made by the Parliament whenever cases involving the respective statutes appear before them during the course of judicial transactions. The judges/courts allow explain how the relevant law is applicable in practice to the problems the courts are seized of during the course of litigation process. The meanings of the terminology appearing in the statutes of Parliament are interpretable by the judges in accordance with Statutory receives and Common law rules. Statutory method consists of Interpretation Act 1978 and Internal or Intrinsic help whi le Common law method consists of literal rule by which courts render plain meaning to the words irrespective of result, golden rule by which courts adopt the meaning of the words more benevolent to super C sense in the case of more than one meaning being attributed to the word in question, mischief rule by which the judge has to interpret in the light of knowledge if the law has a defect or mischief , ejusdem generic rule which requires words must be interpreted as a person or thing belonging to the same class or genus, expressio unius est exclusion alterius rule which means that in case of a rule mentioning one or more things, other should be excluded oscitus a soccis rule which requires to follow the contextual meaning of a word in question. Further on that point are presumptions and use of extrinsic material. The presumptions entail that courts can a make various assumptions such as act not with retrospective effect, not binding the crown, not altering the common law, restrict ing person-to-person liberty and creating criminal liability. The extrinsic materials serve as sources of information. They are International Conventions and Treaties, Law Commission Reports and Hansard proceedings which once had not been allowed to be used for statutory interpretation2. Judicial precedent Judicial precedent is common law system by which a precedent serves as an authority, principle or rule ceremonious in a litigation formerly decided. This becomes a binding or persuasive precedent for subvert courts or tribunal to be followed in deciding future cases with similar facts or issues. The precedent appears in various forms. They are precedent in action that refers to the judges speech in a judgement, European chat up of Justice (ECJ) since all the English courts are bound by the ECJ concerning European law with effect from 1973, The Supreme cost (formerly House of Lords) as this is the highest domestic court of appeal serving as the judicial authority which the Hou se of Lords enjoyed formerly. Court of appeal whose decisions are binding on the High Court and whose decisions are bound to the Supreme Court, Divisional Courts who are bound by the decisions of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal and High Court which is bound by the decisions of Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and Divisional Court and not by another High court judge. 3 It would be clear therefore terraces function is not to simply apply the laws but to interpret them and establish binding precedents. It is because there are difficulties in drafting out legislation and there are chances of unintended meanings and ambiguities creeping in the statutes. In many cases, the Parliaments intent will be very clear in which case it will facilitate Courts interpretation in an unambiguous manner. Courts are enabled to

Customer Accomodation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Customer Accomodation - Essay ExampleThe enrapture on the right shows how the Map births move from the print planning to the Printing lines, the printed maps move to the Bulk store. garbled down orders are thus taken to the Picking area. The channel on the left displays how the customers orders and trade orders pair up with the Moulin inventory control system. The system is in constant communication with the right hand attitude channel making sure there is enough stock in place. Through a forefend coding system, using hand held scanners, Moulin automatically finds the requested orders in the Bulk store, a picker then brings it down to the picking line. The goods are then packed and dispatched using a contracted logistics service provider.The consummation of goods within CSF have both a manual and an automated system working together to provoke maximum output. The printing department has the most activity, as such(prenominal) as 4 hours can be fatigued on setting up just on e machine with the majority of time spent on configuring the plates and adjusting the colours. Once set up, the printing machines work two seven-hour shifts, each producing as much as 8000 maps per hour. The company has intravenous feeding printers with two different printing machines, Alpha and Beta. The Alpha machines are older and less(prenominal) efficient, with almost twice as much time needed for set up whilst, only producing half(prenominal) as much output compared with the Beta machine. (Johnston et al, 2003170).CSF has two fairly distinctive levels of demand. The first is a deject level, where monthly sales volume accounts for only 5% and 7% of the annual total and a second, higher(prenominal) level of demand shows monthly sales of 9% and 11% of the annual total. The planning procedures department social occasion as much as 12 months lead time in preparation for new maps and stock replenishment. The team determine the need for placing a map (stock) on the printing sched ule as much as 6 months in advance. They aim to deliver a batch of printed maps to the Bulk store 3 months before stock is projected to run out.Holding 12 months of inventory can be expensive. warehousing for storage including rent and utilities, Insurance and taxes on inventory finance for the stock, and stock lossage due to shrinkage/ deadening are just a few costs for holding inventory over a long period. Inventory optimization www.sap.com Accessed 2.1.2007Moving over to the left channel of figure 1 we see more activity coming in from customers and trade orders. CSF aim to have dispatched the customers order within three to four days of receipt, with an 88% performance target regularly being exceeded. Only over the busy east wind months have CSF had problems with delivery times, this was mainly due to their contract logistics service provider. CSF should have forecasted from previous years that easter was the busiest time and so they should have hired more transport through t heir logistics providers.The company uses an Electronic entropy Interchange (EDI) for their customers to place orders. Only 50%-60% of the orders are EDI with the remaining orders being keyed in to Moulin by hand. This process is slow, not cost effective and can generate errors. Use of this channel is limited to a small amount of CSFs largest customers. Here I think is CSFs biggest downfall. According to Stock, If the

Public Relation (Proposal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relation (Proposal) - Essay ExampleWhen looking at Draco Corp, an electronic store, it domiciliate be seen that specific alters need to be made with the website to begin altering the ways in which it is able to grow. The website can be enhanced to reflect the brand identity of the business fleck creating a sense of press relations through interactions, image and the presentation of the business. Examining the best approaches that Draco Corp can use for enhancing the website for larger consumer interactions, brand loyalty and trust will begin to change the associations which this business has for online transactions. defer of Contents 1.0 Introduction4 1.1 Problem Statement.4 1.2 Aims and Objectives..5 2.0 Strategy..6 2.1 Redeveloping and Redesigning the range6 2.2 Web Site Content...7 2.3 Security and IT...8 2.4 Promotional Plan9 2.5 Comparison to Competitors.11 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendations..12 4.0 References14 1.0 Introduction The force to have a strong web presen ce is one which is able to provide a discrepancy in functioning to businesses. The expansion into a global market and the legitimacy of a professional guild is one which is specifically based on the alternatives to build an online portal where individuals can determine what is call for. When looking at various companies, it can be seen that there isnt the ability to create the right image, leaving to a neediness of representation with the online company. Draco Corp is an example of a company which has several branches and business interests worldwide. It working as a multinational company that is able to product and sell consumer electronics to a global market. However, the lack of a website is one which is creating difficulties when working against competitors and into an international field. Finding a different way to manage and change the online presence will also make a change in the functions of Draco Corp while allowing their global presence to move forward internationally . 1.1 Problem Statement Draco Corp is known internationally for selling consumer products with the focus of electronics. However, the world is now turning to technology and online portals to gather information, order from portals and to define what is needed from a business. It is now known that the basic business dynamics ar located and expanding to move online, specifically because of the consumer demand to find the level of legitimacy of a company and to evaluate the products which are used from those that are online. At the same time, most consumers are aware of the needed elements of a website to ensure the proper emersion and to understand what the reputation of a company is. If the right standards arent met, then most consumers will dwell browsing to another website for the same products (Neumark, Zhang, Wall, 2006 p. 79). 1.2 Aims and Objectives For Draco Corp to keep up with the competition and to find the of necessity of the consumer awareness and growth there is also t he need to expand the website so it is able to

BSBMKG501A Evaluate Marketing Opportunities Essay

BSBMKG501A Evaluate Marketing Opportunities - Essay ExampleIn any organization, there are nigh tangible and intangible assets, which are used as resources, when company is seeming and evaluating various opportunities. Basically merchandiseing activity focuses on assessing and satisfying customer needs, with in the organization management is responsible for establishing these goals. These are certain resources i. e., key people groups, forces outside the organizations, channels, brand values, relationship, partnership, suppliers, buyers etc. apart from physical resources akin technology. In search of opportunities skill of the people working with in the organization forever and a day plays a crucial role, opportunities lies in crush marketing query to know about innovative product requirements its time and live well in advance and to exploit these requirements. Best marketing research need more strong financial ground and personal skills. Shortage and delay in ad selecting, technologies plays crucial role in searching opportunities. Intangible like brand plays major role in exploring opportunities. When a particular brand already exists in the market and it launches some product in the market, needs lesser advertisement and hence needs less cost investment, but if brand is new and it is to be launched, needs more expensive and exhaustive promotional campaign. In present era, where consumer needs are changing continuously and fastly meeting consumer needs and preferences always cost firmly on the company. Firms spend billions of dollars annually in search of new opportunities on marketing and technical research to add to brand value and product improvement. For example, Hot Pockets, especially formulated meat and cheese, microwavable sandwiches and more than 20 varieties have been introduced but in 2002, after Nestle acquire chef America, it has added its marketing muscle to promote the brand, power to invest in technologies, training to enhance skill s of its employees, upgrading the skill of an employee are few of the resources which could limit the search for the opportunities by the company. In any company search of opportunities needs financial resources, skill of its employees, its brand value, its technologies adoption, its organizational capabilities, and its powerfulness to conduct market research as nearer to actual. Now as a marketing manager, unrivaled has been assigned a vital job is that of recognizing the nature of competition, the potential curses competitors may represent and development of opportunities repartee strategies. Michael Porter (1980) has proposed that competitive threats can be classified into five major steps The threat of separate producer firms already operating within the market sector (Kotler, 2003). The threats of customer moving up shoot to also become producers and / or using their purchasing power to dominate terms and condition for purchase. The threat of supplier moving downstream to become a producer or using their control everyplace critical resources to dominate terms and condition of sale. The threat of a substitute entering the market always been seen carefully. Finally the threat for new entrant who was not previously a major player in the market has to be analyzed properly. To avoid head on competition with competitors, Marketing manager has to opt certain initiatives, which must be strategic, cross functional and bottom-line oriented. Marketing manager

Kindle Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kindle harass - Research Paper ExampleThe decisions make by consumers are affected by this behavior and this is the reason why Kindle Fire provide be marketed successfully at a lower place the behavioural segment. This approach has increased the Kindle fire sales do over the years. The rocketing sales are also controlled by the demand and supply forces such that when demand on Kindle Fire declines, the Amazons sales are drastically affected. Evaluation Under the behavioral approach of segmentation, the customers will be divided under various segments. Consumers will be evaluated based on their usage rate, the benefits bringed, loyalty and occasion in which they use Kindle Fire. There are various ship substance of growing a business. The first method is as aforementioned to attract new customers and the second way is to retain the already existing customers. For Kindle Fire to continue existing in the market, Amazon has to have got a strong customer base (Cheshire, 2012). This is only through customer dependability. Customer loyalty is targeted as one of the behavioral approaches of consumers. The strategies applied to maintain the Kindle Fires loyal customers are varied from those that are used in attracting new customers. Customer loyalty is hence one of the techniques of determining customers under the behavioral segmentation. ... It will be easier to identify the customer who needs change the product more a lot than one who does not use one so often. The other way in which Kindle buyers give the bounce be segmented according to their behavior is by identifying those who buy on occasions. Freytag and Clarkes (2001) argument is that purchase on occasion is under behavioral segmentation because the customer is likely to target the holidays and festivities when companies come up with offers at discounted prices. Such a customer base may be large since most nation tend to save a lot of money for their holidays and festivities. Segmenting the Kindle Fi re customer according to the benefits he or she gains is also another way of evaluating the customers behavior towards the product. While Kindles competitors, such as Google Nexus and the laptops, have their own benefits, some customers may still look for the benefits they gain from Kindle Fire launchpads that they cannot get from its competitors. One of the benefits attained from the Kindle Fire tablet and not laptops is that it is easier to fascinate the Kindle from one point to the other as compared to laptops. A laptop is heavier as compared to the tablet. The Kindle tablet is also beneficial to clients who are always online for business purposes or projects. The other advantage of Kindle Fire over other digital gadgets is that it easily usable in the education industry (Cheshire, 2012). This can be fused with good pricing, 24hr customer support and customization of devices for customers in order to be able to stay private-enterprise(a) in the market. This means using a break -up strategy where the prices are favorable as compared to other devices and organism able to pack devices as per the specification of customers.

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Politics - Essay ExampleAristotle contributed much in the development of history and political intuition through his written articles. In his writing, Aristotle (1996) describes the leadership of some of the political regimes in a few of earliest cities in Greece and Carthage. To consider the strengths and the weaknesses of the legislatures in these cities, Aristotle (1996) compared them with the best-organized political arrangements. He highlights the good laws that enabled the cities to have efficient legislature and the noisome laws that hindered good leadership and unity among the citizens.The political scientists should analyze the good laws that the authorities in those cities used to mold democracy in political relation to replicate them in their states. On the other hand, they should look at the poor laws exercised in some cities that made them fail in regime to avoid recurrence of such events in the current states. Moreover, Aristotle (2008) developed ideas in his writ ing that are very important in political apprehension as he proposes that for to be a good leader, one should have knowledge in supposititious and practical politics. If the political scientists can embrace the idea of Aristotle, they can be successful in ensuring that politics in their states follow the right direction.Additionally, for politics to have a perfect way towards a steadfast state the authorities should have good constitution that protects the rights of all citizens. Several states fail to attain politics because of lack of good constitutional laws that govern the well-being of politics and participation of all inte endureed citizens in politics. Aristotle (1996) highlighted that some cities failed politically because of favors extended to some members of the society to engage in politics while the rest were cut off in sharing that privilege. Poor politics led to civil wars something that could be avoided by the cities authorities if they had good constitution. This was attributed to the poor laws that

Paper on the client Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper on the client - Case Study Examplettitude, his validation of Cesar, and c solely words and phrases the renovate uses with respect to psychology. The principles, foundation, and dynamic of the doctor-patient relationship in Abre Los Ojos are very interesting. The doctor himself is a no-nonsense type of guy who encourages Cesar to try to remember what he himself did, and the movie also has a few twists at the end. Another important aspect of being a doctorwhich Cesars doctor exemplifiesis what it agency to be a professional (whether or not the doctor follows the rules and laws of doctor-patient relations). Understandably so, doctors must be continually assessing and evaluating the needs of the patient. Are the patients medications at the correct dosages? Do they need to be adjusted? The duty of the doctor is to continuously be monitoring a patients relative progress or the privation thereof. ... Usually a patients care team consists of the doctors that are working on all of t he patients the main doctors which oversee the patients care setting the social worker the chaplain and perhaps or so obviously, the family and/or caregivers. In this case of Cesar the family and/or caregivers are basically replaced by the jail. It is the duty of the doctor on the end of the hospital or other organization taking care of the patientnot forthwith speaking of the family and/or caregiversthat they establish a sense of trust and reliability with the patient. Since the doctor is the person who result have the most contact with the patient, it is of maximum importance that the doctor be professional, respectable, and affable. It is the duty of the other doctors to patiently listen as each individual doctor expresses his or her bounceions on the progress of the patients. Similarly, it is the doctors duty to reflect on how the status of the patients are. The social worker is available in order to address any issues that faculty come up regarding the patients living cond itions, environment, etc. The chaplain is available in order to befriend out with a patients spiritual needs. The doctors self-exploration and identity struggles being face while treating Cesar are manifold. In whatever case, the doctor is very important, and of course, one tummynot forget the importance of the piece of the jailers, which must work with the organizations doctor on-call. The doctor works to provide the service of circumstances the patient through this troubling and complex time in his or her life. Hopefully the doctor can make that patients journey an easier and perhaps less stressful one. Cesars doctor faces

What does Benedict Anderson's concept imagined community mean when Essay

What does Benedict Andersons concept imagined community mean when comparing the topic of patriotism - Essay archetypeThe process of Andersons imagined community is fundamental in understanding the elements of entry and connection in nationalism. It transcends the idea that nationhood is fabricated or merely imaginary discourses. This is the reason why the concept of imagined community is very touristed among social theorists. The thesis is not that explicitly constructivist but the idea captures the intensity of the concepts such as nationalism and nationhood. As an imagined community, a nation is provided a narrative meaning for individuals that constitute it by allowing the imagination of a territory of the nation without having personally to encounter it and its inhabitants. The approach does not see nationalism as a discourse of power or one of ideology but one of cultural meaning and cognition. In imagined community, gaps could still be found there are limitations in regard to the explanation of the elements that dispose the concept. Indeed, Anderson, himself, have left open several areas and questions because the subject is dynamic. However, these do not entirely undermine the effectuality of Andersons vision. All in all, Andersons most significant contribution here is that he was qualified to address all the anomalies that most theorists have created or was not able to tackle in be nationalism.

Job Analysis, Descriptions and Specifications Case Study

business sector Analysis, Descriptions and Specifications - Case Study ExampleJob synopsis can be conducted use qualitative tools such as interviews with existing clients or quantitative tools such as surveys or comparison to similar stock roles in the competitive job market at other companies. Once parameters of the skills and friendship contained to perform a job have been identified, it becomes easier for HR professionals to determine new pay categories that ar competitive or right off in-line with job role function. New performance appraisals can also be developed to help human resources track performance of the employee in this job to determine whether goals are beingness met based on research findings. The entire process can be research intensive, however it helps leadership understand each job role and have a form of documentation available that helps the commerce identify with strengths or weaknesses of the job or how to better allocate resources if redundancies between job roles are identified. Job Analysis Driving Job Descriptions After conducting research, the skills, knowledge and abilities needed to successfully perform the job are documented. This could include educational credentials or the mental and physical needs of the job, depending on the environment and the complexness of the role. For example, research might indicate that typing speed of at least 60 words per snatch is required to manage multi-tasking activities in the job, therefore the new job description will indicate that interviewers should be looking for people with high manual dexterity and speed. Either by means of observation, interviews or other criterion tools, the description is designed to best fit what has been discovered virtually the skills needed to accomplish the job tasks successfully. pass on grades are then determined based on what has been identified related to skills and the job role. Job outline would also determine whether performance goals are being met properly based on research findings about job role. Tasks that have been identified are then listed on the description with essential functions and duties related directly to the research results. Job Analysis and the VA Case There was a great deal of redundancy in the VA case, involving nurses and doctors that were performing the same tasks, as was identified through the research study and the interviews. This showed there was a need for restructuring at the organization. From the study Based on the high levels of overlapthere appears to be a awesome opportunity to reallocate work more efficiently (Best, Hysong, Pugh & Suvro, 2006, p.304). If the organization had used more detailed job analysis, these redundant activities could be identified and streamlined in a single job function. For example, if the nurses and the physicians were routinely documenting enduring medications, then implementation of a new electronic system for one-time entry could be implemented. Job ana lysis would show what specific roles were overlapping and then restructure each job title, based on description, in a way that was more efficient. Only through internal research, either observational or through interviews, could job titles be more narrowly defined to avoid overlapping duties. The complexity of t

Clarity System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Clarity System - Essay ExampleThe lucidity works in a in truth interesting way it generates quotations, verifies, compute every(prenominal) the roves, delivery notes, invoices on the PDF, word and even Excel formats. Quotations ar normally worked out at jaw-dropping speed using powerful computation wizards which is compatible to almost all business sectors. Faraday & Howard (2003)The function of the Excel spreadsheet in the system of ruless clarity space is a hotly mooted debate. Undeniably the unbound use of spreadsheets in a financial setting creates significant risks. The spreadsheet constitutes an infinite flexibility which is strength as good a weakness. Altered changes and calculation errors that are not authentic can easily subvert the integrity of a spreadsheet budget and the entire consolidated process. The harnessing of bigger characteristics of Excel enhances organisations to leverage the high coronation that is already made in the spreadsheet bound processes. G erald A.M (2006)Clarity advances the precepts by deploying the look and feel of excel. The excel/ web interface enhances the acceleration and incorporation of clarity system which reduces training costs because the templates and reports can look corresponding any other spreadsheet. It simplifies deployment of the application since users can access the system via a browser which is already on their desktop. The advantage of using web/excel as the basic user interface is that its a ecumenical language that has been integrated and used in most organisations. Gerald A.M (2006) whiz Centralised Data ModelThe CPM programs are normally defined as closed loop process, where determining functionality from strategic objectives and long term plans are integrated operational budgets that are monitored, evaluated and reported against absolute results. For a dynamic environment like that i for a construction company, it is advisable that information is shared across the board by the most pola r functionalities and procedures so that there is no replication of data and integrity of information is guaranteed. The structural information such as cost centre account or product group should be consistent whenever spy in the CPM functional suite. However, clarity system supports this capability through a single centralized data model. Gregory Wilberforce (2005)This is in marked contrast to other suppliers that frequently have to stage metadata in complex systems architectures in order to establish consistency across the CPM solution. Inefficiencies such as these impose unwelcome complexity and inevitably need higher costs of maintenance. Unified Solution Clarity system enhances multi-user functions many users can integrate with the system through a web based interface, whereas all CPM applications can be accessed through easy-to-use menu system. The modules and templates are also controlled and relayed to the central system.The clarity system offers solutions that address a ll Corporate Performance Management applications. Single instances of clarity is normally used for budgeting, planning, forecasting, reporting, score carding, consolidations, profitability analysis, sales analysis among many more functions. disseminate Architecture Clarity systems supports online analytical processing (OLAP) and in conjunction with relational databases like Essbase and Oracle clarity leverages the investments that users have already

Education should be Free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Education should be Free - Essay ExampleHowever, some say that this could have a destructive effect on students development. Due to free education they will be free from any financial pressures and thus, concentrate less on their studies. But that is one side of the picture. some college students usually do a part clipping job to meet their educational finances. These jobs take era away from the students and they usually experience meter constraints, which could be very harmful for their development. Due to heavy snip load these students become the victim of depression and stress whose harmful effects emerge later in their lives in the form of fatal illnesses. If free college education is granted to these students then they would have more time to study. Moreover, they will have time to sleep and rest instead of being ceaselessly tired from time consuming jobs. They would be free from any tension regarding time or money and would be always prepared for their classes and their h omework. The opposition would say that this program would require heavy funding from the political relation which could harm the popular treasury of the country. But, when we ponder over it then many productive outcomes emerge, if we adopt this approach. Currently, many under positive countries consist of children who are uneducated and there is a high literacy rate prevailing in those countries. . If government is not spending at all on their education then according to the oppositions logic these countries should be amongst the richest countries of the world.

Does the Internet Make You Dumber Essay Example for Free

Does the Internet Make You Dumber EssayA psychologist, Patricia Greenfield has reviewed studies in our cognitive abilities from which Carr claims demonstrates we are becoming shallower (Carr 2010, p. w1). Carr refers to two specific examples. An experiment at Cornwell University, this was a miniature survey conducted in a classroom, the number of pupils was not documented in the article. An early(a) experiment conducted at Stanford University with the conclusion being heavy multi-taskers were not effective at multi-tasking, as everything became a distraction. The more the soul multi-tasks the more easily distrait and had less control over their attention. This experiment was more comprehensive. To stick out up claims that the internet changes the way we think, Carr refers to an experiment done on primates in the 1970s and 1980s. The ladder seems extensive on how quickly our brains circuits responce can change based on our can experience. This doesnt colloquy about how quic kly the brain can therefore revert back when needed for more pondering activities such as when reading a book. Carr assumes that the increased level of visual-spatial intelligence needed for fast internet usage is a negative.Carr hasnt considered the effectiveness the increased spatial intelligence gives its user in other areas of technological advancement that require this skill set. Carr assumes that the internet is the main reason for people becoming distracted and therefore having low cognitive abilities, Carrs studies dont include how distractions can come in all forms not just pop ups and advertisements on a computer screen. He further assumes the classroom experiment revealing the internet didnt help the learners is typical for all internet users.Undeniably Carr is properly in his notions of the internet being an easy distraction multi-tasking and prioritising are learnt skills and ones that are undeniably tested by the internets powers of distraction. In our increasingly f ast paced world multitasking is a necessary for survival, and therefore will continue to be a required skill for our future. Multitasking is needed in all facets of life making the skill a valuable one. References Carr, N 2010, Does the internet make you dumber? , The Wall Street Journal p W1

White collar crimes Essay Example for Free

White hitch abuses EssayThis paper provides a detailed under(a)standing underside the motives of people committing crimes. Researchers mother named the people committing crime, w here(predicate) the crimes were minimal and confined to a particular argona of administration as Grass Eaters. People involved in ovalbumin prehend crimes and which has spread in al just about on the whole fields of backup argon depoted as Meat Eaters. With the advent of technology and emergence of reading, lily- duster check crimes are on the rise, being protected by professionals growing loopholes in the judiciary and support from the organization indirectly. This has created a nexus where people from almost all walks of life admit started forming group to do albumen collar crimes and being protected by professionals in law. This has lead to a situation where the small clockrs aim become snowy collar criminals. Talking about the prevalence of smock collar crimes in India, they are spreading like a rapid fire in e rattling sphere of hostelry.Though corruption, angiotensin-converting enzyme of the species of tweed collar crimes, has been the most talked about issue in all spheres- cordial, economic and political, not a lot stringent meters/actions have been taken to curb this menace. Therefore the concern of this paper is to define white collar crime, study its historical development and formu belated tentative solutions for eradicating the problem.This thought evolved with the Criminologist and Sociologist Edwin H. Sutherland, in the twelvemonth 1939, who popularised the term white collar crimes by defining such a crime as one commit by a person of respectability and high social status in the channel of his occupation. Sutherland similarly included crimes committed by corporations and other legal entities within his definition. Sutherlands study of white collar crime was prompted by the view that criminology had incorrectly focused on social and econo mic determinants of crime, such as family priming coat and train of wealth.It is true to the common knowledge that there are certain professions which offer profitable opportunities for criminal acts and unethical practises which is very a lot overlooked by the general bundle of the society. There have been crooks and unethical persons in business, various other professions, who tend to become unprincipled because of no reason unconnected from the thirst of gaining much and much for themselves. These deviants have least regard for ethical and moral human values. Therefore,www.indianresearchjournals.com accessIRJCInternational Journal of Social Science interdisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 9, phratry 2012, ISSN 2277 3630they carry on their illegal activities with impunity without the fear of loss of respect and prestige. These crimes are of the nature of white collar crimes which is the essential end of the development of the competent economy of the twenty-first centur y. CHRONOLOGICAL MILIEU OF THE EMERGENCE OF discolour COLLARCRIMESThe earlier documented case of pink-collar crime law dates back to 15th century is England. There has been a case popularly cognize as the Carriers case of 1473, where the agent was entrusted to transport sheepskin and he attempted to steal some of it for him. Therefore the Star Chamber and Exchequer Chamber of the side of meat Court of Law adopted the breaking bulk doctrine as it constituted the crime of larceny. However, the haveth of industrial capitalism in the eighteenth century ushered a new history of crime and criminality. The very base of industrial capitalism is based on coercion and robbery. Now, before we discuss the topic permit us understand the meaning of capitalismThe street crime, especially snatching and motor vehicle theft, relatively knock down compared to 2010, the year 2011 truly belonged to the faceless white-collar criminals. The numbers of such criminals arrested by the crime branch th is year saw a massive increase 108 per cent as 148 people were arrested for dabbling in white-collar crime as opposed to just 71 in 2010. In all, around 20 organised white-collar rackets were busted last year and cash and valuables, amounting to R4.5 crore, thousands of mobile phones used in the commission of criminal bodily process and three dozen vehicles were recovered, said a senior police officer.The list includes perpetrators of lottery twaddle, fake recruitment racketeers, ATM hoaxsters, travel agents, property dealers, agents promising fake court affidavits and death certificates as well as both men and women operating fake friendship clubs. Mean date, the Economic Offences Wing (EoW) of the Delhi Police arrested more than than .whiteness COLLAR CRIMES IN INDIAwww.indianresearchjournals.comThe process of emergence of these conditioned was termed by Karl Marx as primitive accumulation while in the words of Adam Smith, it was earlier accumulation. Therefore, the Dutch Marxist, William Bonger contended that criminal attitude develops among the working class under capitalism due to conditions of misery and at the same time the criminal attitude develops among the bourgeoisie from the covetousness fostered when capitalism strives.It succeeded in unit of measuremented States of America in 1890, when Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act which took the initiative to set up the monopolistic trade illegal.Other industrialized countries like Great Britain had a history of penalties involving whitecollar crime by that time, but it was not as sweeping as the Sherman Act. Some nations weaponed a smattering of these laws, known as competition or antitrust law, but did not have a strong bind force for a long time. But more anti-white-collar crime sentiment rose in the late 19th century and early 20th century in the United States as a progeny of a group of journalists known as muckrakers.They laid much focus on the prevalent stockpile fraud, insura nce fraud and underhanded practices of monopolistic companies that had grabbed under the Sherman Act. The muckrakers exposes gave rise to public resentment and thereby called for in some reform. By 1914, Congress attempted to solidify and streng then(prenominal) the sentiment laid down by the Sherman Act, which was used against labour unions, with the Clayton Antitrust Act. This Act was much stricter and went much further than the Sherman Act in do particular monopolistic practices illegal.IRJCInternational Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630criminals in 1,358 cases ranging from those of land grabbing to fake job rackets and attached property valued at amounts estimated to be among Rs. 350 to Rs. 500 crore. This year, we focused more on individual cases as opposed to those in which several persons were victimised. We got more manpower, said Vivek Gogia, joint CP (EoW). White collar crimes are to be considered as a glo bal phenomenon to which India is no exception. As discussed earlier, white collar crimes emerged in India with the advent of the British colonisation during the period of industrial capitalism. earlier to that, instances of men working with the District treasury embezzling with the money kept under his safe custody or bribing practiced among the officials were found. Therefore, the white collar crimes were confined to this limit. Thus, the people indulging in the white collar crimes then lavatory to said to be mere grass eaters the people in the modern times have reached the stage of meat-eaters. blank COLLAR -LEGAL PROFESSION ashen COLLAR MEDICALIn India, the white collar crimes are so wide spread that it does not confine itself in the legal arena. Similar homeless instances can be drawn from other professions too, like that of medical practitioners, engineers, educationalists, businessmen, politicians and the list goes on. The medical practitioners are much found involved in issuance of false certificates, carrying out illegal abortions, selling out test drugs and medicine, even in some cases adulterated drugs and medicines to the patients. Dilatory tactics are often adopted by them in providing treatment to their patients with a menswear to extract huge amount of money, no matter the person has heartfelt practice. Some of the notorious instances are like that of Nithari159The instances of white collar crimes committed in the Indian society by the lawyers, there lie the shameful illustrations of Magistrates and judges involved in committing crimes. They in the name of construe the laws often act as the protective shield for the goons having or not-having any political colour and drop by the wayside them to go free whereas they should have been subjected to deterrence. It is the most unfortunate situation at the same time devastating, because here the crimes are committed by those individuals who are being given by the State the responsibility to c ommand justice.www.indianresearchjournals.comThe white collar crimes became a phenomenon to be reckoned with industrial revolution. Modern industrial capitalist economy which evolved with time became complex in nature as it developed a growing commercial nexus among insurance, banking, stocks and cogitate corporate matters.This in turn, gave rise to critical legal intricacies relating to property rights and other legal matters which paved the way for the birth of a new class of professionals of advocates who in the name of providing justice started abetting in the wrong and thereby pursued their own narrow interest. A large number of advocates evolved, who forget the pious oath of serving the society and started looking for the legal loopholes and concentrated mainly in helping out the generative entrepreneurs to grow richer. They made extensive study to try out ways for maximum tax evasion for these rich corporate personalities as well as for themselves.The white collar crimes c ommitted by these legal practitioners still confines in sorting out illegal methods of tax-evasion. There are very frequent instances of unscrupulous and unethical practices like that of fabricating false evidence, engaging professional witnesses, thereby violating ethical standards of legal profession and laggard tactics in collusion with the ministerial staff of the courts.IRJCInternational Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630case, where the medical professionals piece up before the society the optimum level of brutal character they can reach for the crave of making money. Misleading and fake advertisement claiming unattackable cure is also one of the frequent malpractices being carried out in the medical profession. The problem lies in the fact that, they often escape punishment, since they cannot be said to have violated the letter of law, but, by violating the olfactory perception of law, they commit crimes whic h are truly anti-social and creates enormous damage to the public health and safety at large.WHITE COLLAR-ENGINEERINGSpeaking of the engineers role in having their role to play in white collar crimes, we often find instances of underhand dealing with contractors, suppliers, passing of sub-standard works and maintenance of bogus reports of the labour works. They monetaryly earn more for their low grade works from the contractors, than they can earn for the genuine work. Therefore, many of them, out of the esurience of earning more and more, play dangerously with thousands of lives of the individuals.WHITE COLLAR-EDUCATIONThe matter comes to the white collar crimes educational institutions do come in the league to operate with impunity. A nastier role is played by the private institutions that are least fazed in providing the education, but exclusively concentrate of making business at the cost of the childrens future. rase rackets operate in these institutions for procuring stud ents to appear in the examinations on the basis of manipulated eligibility certificates, thereby damaging the standard of education in India.When it comes to the Governmental institutions, the teachers and staffs of the institutions are often found to be involved in unscrupulous practices, since they can hardly make fortune from the in up to(predicate) salary they receive from the government. Teachers often drag the students for taking private tuitions and even go to the extent of blackmailing them of ruining their future, if they deny doing so.These are solitary(prenominal) a handful of instances of white collar crimes practiced in day to day life by certain professionals in the course of their profession. The major(ip) role in committing white collar crimes are played by the business tycoons and politicians, whose greed and wants multiply with the more they acquire. In India, whenever any major scandal comes to the media focus, a through investigation endlessly finds an unlawful involvement of political parties in it. So far as the businessmen are concerned, their acts of white collar crimes go beyond count.They are termed as the corporate criminals who more often than not,are involved in illegal contracts, combination and conspiracies of trade restraints, unfair labour practices, selling of adulterated foods and drugs, bribing of public officials so on and so forth. They take advantage of the corporate veil and indulged in a number of crimes. The recent Satyam pinch case is one of the worth-mentioning illustrations, where it was seen how an individual, hiding himself in the veil of incorporation, indulge in defrauding crores of money. WHITE COLLAR- UNIVERSALwww.indianresearchjournals.comWHITE COLLAR-CORPORATE160The white collar crimes are often master minded and are carried out in a planned manner by technocrats in the form of scams, frauds, etc. facilitated by technological advancements. InIRJCInternational Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary R esearch Vol.1 Issue 9, September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630these types of offences not only the individual is being with pecuniary loss but also, such offences like peddling drugs and narcotic substances, counterfeiting of currency, financial scams are some of the crimes which evoke serious concern and impact to the national security and governance. Violation of opposed exchange regulations and import and export laws are frequently resorted to for the sake of huge profits.WHITE COLLAR- SOCIETYThe major white collar crime very common among the individuals, no matter he/she belongs to the middle or upper strata of the society is that of evading taxes. The complexity of the taxation laws provided a number of loopholes through which many individuals tried to escape. A tax-evasion has known no professional or class boundary in our country. Be it an engineer, doctor, advocate, a business tycoon or a simple small industry trader-all have learnt the trick of evading taxes.The main fuss posed bef ore the Income Tax incision is to acquire true training of the real and exact income of these professionals. It is often alleged that only an insignificant amount of their total income is posed a income before the Income Tax Department and the rest therefore goes into the circulation as black money. The frequent modifications in the tax-laws of the country has been able to add very little to put a check on this continuing menace which is throwing a great negatively charged impact in the Governmental revenue and thereby the growth of the country.INDIA CRIME AND FRAUD IN WHITE COLLAR2010-2011 Annual Global Fraud Survey report of Kroll conducted by Economist Intelligence Unit gives expected results. Fraud continues to be a big problem worldwide and more so in India. Of the companies surveyed, globally 75% reported experiencing fraud during the year. Though the figure has reduced in comparison to previous years 88%, the situation is still dismal.The chart below compares the top six f raud categories at global level with India. In most of the cases, India is doing much worse than its global counterparts are. Worldwide direction conflict of interest, indwelling financial fraud, corruption and bribery and vendor procurement connect frauds have increased. sensual theft of assets and information theft decreased. Indian business crucial pain points are corruption and bribery, information theft, internal financial fraud, financial mismanagement and vendor procurement.www.indianresearchjournals.comIn India, the situation is disastrous, with 84% organizations reporting that they suffered from fraud during the year. It is wake-up call for India, as it is ranked second worldwide after Africa and shares the position with China.The report answers the most pertinent question relating to fraud what is the loss caused by fraud? The estimated figure given in the report is that globally organizations suffered 2.1% revenue loss due to fraud. For India, the percentage is high er at 2.4%. Further analysis available in the report says that 18% of the companies reported an earnings loss of more than 4%. A quarter of these most affected companies suffered losses more than 10%. These companies are reporting corruption, bribery, money laundering and regulatory breaches frequently.However, they are doing nothing about it. The lack of fraud prevention and investigation measures is causing huge losses in these companies. Indian companies are ill prepared to the fight fraud menace. Just 50% companies have background screening, third-party due diligence and other fraud prevention measures in place. In my view, India does not have adequately trained fraud investigators as part of the risk management teams. Overall, the focus is on financial statements audits and internal audits. These audits are not done to detect frauds.Management finds it hard to accept this fact that internal employees and related parties conduct most frauds. The report mentions that insiders con ducted 60% of the frauds globally. That is, 28% junior employees, 21% senior employees and 11% third-party agents conducted frauds. In India, 59% of the frauds were conducted by internal sources.The frauds conducted by senior employees cause more damage to the company. Not only are the financial figures larger, the reputation damage is huge. However, the companies in India still do not have adequate focus on internal controls and management controls. However, government has initiated some steps to address the high level of frauds in Indian private sector.In my view, the Indian governments decision to give more power to the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) in the new Companies Bill is a step in the right direction. SFIO will be in a position to conduct more investigations, arrests, raids and seizures. This would put some brakes on the escalating financial fraud cases in India.Therefore, Indian government must modify governance and take strict action against the offenders. C omptroller Auditor General is showing the way forward, the command of the hour is for political parties to have the spirit to clean up the mess. The private sector must implement fraud prevention measures and focus on ethics to reduce frauds. Both sectors have to collaborate to denigrate fraud risks in India.The reasons of justifications are there for the methods used for the control of white collar crimes, the ambivalence of the social response to this sort is so related to wider social factors which have both objective and subjective dimensions. As has been so mentioned a more subjective source of ambivalence in the social response to white collar crimes is the assumption that there is less public concern about these behaviours so termed as white collar crimes, and therefore there is a less support for severe sanctions than in the cases of crimes which are conventional street crimes.But even if there was greater public ambivalence towards white collar crimes in comparison to th e traditional crimes, writers such as Box has regarded this as a further challenge to alter people to not seeing processes in which they are victimised disasters or accidents. Therefore, the motto should always be prevention is better than cure. Since the acts involved defrauding public faith and belief, public as a whole mass should come forward to protect the whole society from these greedy people who are destroying the ethics and pietism of the society slowly and slowly for their sole aim of pursuing narrow self2. Williams Frank. P., Criminology Theory, Andersen effect 3. Mishra R., Criminal Psychology, Sunit Enterprises, 2006 4. Criminal liability of corporate bodies by Vikas Garg 5. Conference report on white collar crimes, by Godwin Kunda 6. Report on clerical Crimes by International Monetary Fund 7. White-collar crimes- (Talk delivered in the DST Programme on Forensic 8. Laboratories on 02.05.99) by N. Vittal, Central Vigilance Commissioner 9. http//www.businessinsi der.com/four-shocking-misconceptions-about-whitecollared-crime-2012-31641. Ratanlal Dhirajlal, The Indian punishable Code, 30th edition 2006,Wadhwawww.indianresearchjournals.com

Japan Westernization Paper Essay Example for Free

japan Westernization Paper EssayPrompt Discuss viable reasons why Japan was the only non-western state to nationalize and win recognition as an equal and how it managed to action this in a mere half century. Thesis Being aware of recent Western invasions in China, Japan had recognized the need to transform their institutions and its society, therefore, Japan embraced nationalism. By 1649, Japan had shut down give with the European world with the exception of a Dutch outpost on Deshima Island in Nagaski harbor (this outpost however, was only allowed to receive one ship all year). The Japanese also allowed the Chinese to trade at Nagasaki (only under severe restrictions) and Korea could trade through the islands of Tusushima. Other than this however, Japan was isolated.In 1853, the U.S sent Commodore Matthew Perry (with 3 go frigates) to force Japan into opening its ports to trade. Japan had lacked the technology to fight against the U.S and the European powers that soon foll owed. Slowly (while be under pressure however), Japan opened more ports granted extraterritorial rights and where able to determine Japans tariff polices. Like China, Japan seemed to be getting controlled by the European powers. However, young, vigorous leadership took control of the government of Japan forcing a dramatic reconstruction of the nations polices, administration, class structure, economy, technology and culture. These leaders tended to be young samurai warriors in the han (feudal estates) of Choshu and Satsuma.The samurai were able to employ some of the technological information introduced by the Dutch from their order in Nagasaki harbor (the shogunate had established an office for translating Dutch material in 1811) and by 1840, some of the Japanese were already casting Western guns and artillery. A new leader, Sakuma Zozan (one of the advocates of adopting Western military methods) believed that opening the unpolished was necessary and beneficial. However, not ev eryone had agreed. In 1860 a group of samurai (from the conservative han of Mito) argued a different opinion and eventually, Mito loyalists assassinate Sakuma. In 1868, forces of Choshu and Satusma (along with several more remote hans) took control of the emperors palace in Kyoto and declared the end of shogunate. The emperor was put back into imperial power.

Identifying a problem “Drug trafficking” Essay Example for Free

Identifying a occupation dose trafficking EssayThis paper studies two different opinions on the impact of medicate trafficking laws. One train feels that current laws on do drugss have been effective and efficient in containing drug engage handst problem and should be retained. Others see the laws as unjustifiably harsh and reorient against certain groups in society. They argue that drugs should be legalized to dish solve abuse problem. The first article gives an open assessment of the impact drug laws have had on drug use problem. The Successes And Failures Of George Bushs War On Drugs (Check, Dan, 1995). Successive U.S presidents have delivered a plan to fight off drug abuse. President Bush campaign against drug trafficking was similar to that of Ronald Reagan away front him. According to Check, their emphasis was on reducing of demand of drugs at home. This was a shift away from curtailing submit in foreign markets. The bush was campaign according to Dan Check targe ted the offender rather than the problems. This plan emphasize the incarceration of offenders over rehabilitate and campaigns on avoidance of drug use. The administration boosted its drugs war kitty with the drug law enforcement getting the loins sh are.The penitentiary organisation also got a substantial sum leaving only a relatively small amount for rehabilitation and a version. Pr plaintion would be carried out through the existing program called DARE. This program targeted school kids. States were bound by this plan and every diversion would attract financial sanctions. This plan has some positive results in that there was significant reduction in cocaine abuse. This effort was felt principally in the middle class. Check partly attributes this to reinvigorated realization by the middle class of the efforts of cocaine.The plan however failed in curbing drug use among the poor. According to Dan Check, drug abuse among the poor actually rose with the introduction of the plan. He adds that severe bye down of uses over burdened the prison system. It did not address the root cause of drug trafficking The Drug War on Civic Liberties (Dan Baum, 1992) According to Baum, the war on drugs is an infringement on ones rights. The laws are unreasonably harsh and hysterical and hence should be done away with. New laws introduced make up the precedence set by the first drug laws.First drug laws on marijuana and cocaine were retrospective as they were made with a certain group of battalion in mind. The more new-fangled drug legislation is also made with the black community in mind. This community is the biggest victim of drug law enforcement. These laws are racially motivated. There are more black youth in prison than any other group despite their minority status on drug grounds. They make lite targets of law enforcers. He feels that the drug laws have become petty and harsh to offenders. Mere possession of drugs even without the intent earns one a maximum sente nce.First offenders are not given lighter sentences. preceding(a) drug offenses continue to haunt the offender as he or she is labeled as a threat to society and is closely monitored. However what is surprising is that, while the legislations theoretically target drug pusher, it is mainly those who are found in possession who are found in jail. According to Baum, the courts are skewed against offenders in drug cases. The drug laws ensure rather harsh judgments are dished out in federal courts, leaving the judges very small room to maneuver.They also give prosecutors the right to argufy the light decisions, which is normally the prerogative of the accused. The cases are not heard in state courts but in federal courts. The penitentiary system does not aim at rehabilitation of drug offenders rather it is pre-occupied with punishment. consumption on rehabilitation program fades in comparison with expenditure on drug enforcements laws. Law enforcers below the belt target drug offender s because of the hefty bonuses they earn when they successfully present evidence that leads to conviction of the drug offender.They hold heavy surveillance of past offenders and carry out warrant less searches on a suspiciouss property or cars. Baum feels that drug offenders do not enjoy civil right enjoyed by other defendants in courts of law. Their property can be attached along with legal fees of the defense attorney. They are also denied bail to keep the streets risk free. He adds that, the drug enforcement agencies evaluate their success on the radical of overblown value of seized drugs in the black market rather than level of emancipation of the people from drug dependency.The federal government has enhanced its budget on drug law enforcement with the sole aim of jailing offenders over prioritizes the war against drugs over other crucial areas such as environmental degradation. This campaign has bloated the prison system while the judicial system is overworked. More officer s are employed to deal with the perceived threats of drug use. close tax payers are content on increased government expenditure in the war against drugs. This, Baum points out, is as a result of the amount of public information that is available to the taxpayers.The media gives war on drugs a traffic circle of coverage and puts much emphasis of drugs. This is in addition various public campaigns against drug use. Few people express a different opinion on the issue is due to victimization on anybody who speaks out on the injustices of the system by law enforcers. Baum urges that convictions of drug possession are conviction of a iniquity without a victim. He adds that it is wasting away of productive labor force in the young men held up in prison. Most of those serving time for drug possessions are responsible and peace kind individuals.

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay Example for Free

Explain the Different molds of Osi Reference Model analyse1)Physical LayerThe physical layer is at the bottom of this model. It deals with crude entropy that is in the form of galvanic signals. The information bits be sent as 0s and 1s. 0s correspond to low potential signals and 1s correspond to high potential signals. The mechanical aspects of communication, such as wires or connectors come under this layer. The physical layer also deals with how these wires, connectors, and voltage electrical signals work. Also, the cognitive process that is required for these physical aspects are taken into account in this layer itself. 2)The information Link LayerThe transmission of the data over the communication medium is the responsibility of this layer. The 0s and 1s that are utilise in the communication are grouped into logical encapsulation. This encapsulation is called frames. The data is transported in frames. The responsibility of these frames is that of the data combine la yer.3) Ne iirk LayerAll over the world, there are many different types of Ethernet. These networks are attached to each other through various media. When a data packet boat wants to reach a incident destination, it has to traverse through these networks. Essentially, there are a lot of operations that are taking swan in the midst of the connected networks. Also, the packet data which is traversing has to choose an optimum route, and the addressing of these packets has to be proper. The various operations between the networks, packet data issues, addressing and routing, are handled by this network layer.4)Transport LayerThe transport layer ensures quality and reliableness of the communication. The data packet switching is entirely handled by the transport layer. There are basically two types of packet switching. They are connectionless packet switching and connection oriented packet switching. In connectionless packet switching, the packet data is allowed to choose the route in which it is going to reach the destination. Obviously, the packet in itself cant do this. Physical devices like routers are mainly responsible for the behavior of packets, but the packets formed from the same data point can reach their destination in different ways. Whereas, in connection oriented packet switching, at one time the route is decided, and so all the packets have to follow the same route. An example of connectionless packet switching is text edition messages in mobile phones, and the example of connection oriented switching is a direct voice call.5)The Sessions LayerThe sessions layer is mainly responsible for creating, maintaining and destroying the communication link. PDU (Protocol Data Unit), in which various protocols are defined that have to be followed during communication, are the responsibility of the sessions layer. The applications that use RPCs (remote procedure calls) are taken anxiety of by the sessions layer.6)Presentation LayerThere are various techni ques of data compression which are used to channelise and receive the optimized data. For example, if certain data is repeating itself a number of times, then it is logical to send the data only once, and specify the number of times it is repeated. This bundling of the repeated data is one of the techniques of compressions. The compression and decompressing of the data is handled by the presentation layer. Also, encryption and decryption techniques used to thwart malicious attacks on data are handled by the presentation layer.7)Application LayerThis layer comes into picture when there is a process to process communication. Whenever a user invokes any application, all the associated processes are run. Many times, when an application wants to communicate with another application, then there has to be communication between these associated processes. The application layer is responsible for this inter-process communication.

Meaning of life Essay Example for Free

Meaning of look EssayThe meaning of life is a philosophic question concerning the significance of life or existence in general. It can as well be expressed in different forms, such as Why are we here?, What is life all close to?, and What is the purpose of existence? It has been the subject of much philosophical, scientific, and theological speculation throughout history. There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from troopsy different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The meaning of life is in the philosophical and religious conceptions of existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness, and borders on many other issues, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, uncorrupted and evil, assoil will, the existence of one or multiple immortals, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing colligate data-based facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the how of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question What is the meaning of my life? The value of the question pertaining to the purpose of life may coincide with the achievement of ultimate reality, or a feeling of oneness, or even a feeling of sacredness.governs the universe. Closeness with the God of Israel is through study of His Torah, and adherence to its mitzvot (divine laws). In traditional Judaism, God launch a special covenant with a people, the people of Israel, at Mount Sinai, giving the Jewish commandments. Torah comprises the create verbally Pentateuch and the transcribed oral tradition, further developed through the generations. The Jewish people are intended as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation69 and a light to the Nations, influencing the other peoples to keep their own religio- good heptad Laws of Noah. The messianic era is seen as the perfection of this dual path to God. Jewish observances involve ethical and ritual, approving and prohibative injunctions. Modern Jewish denominations differ over the nature, relevance and emphases of mitzvot. Jewish ism emphasises that God is not impact or benefited, but the individual and society benefit by drawing close to God.The rationalist Maimonides sees the ethical and ritual divine commandments as a necessary, but insufficient preparation for philosophicalunderstanding of God, with its revere and awe.70 Among fundamental values in the Torah are pursuit of justice, compassion, peace, kindness, hard work, prosperity, humility, and education.7172 The world to come,73 prepared in the present, elevates man to an everlasting connection with God.74 Simeon the Righteous says, the world stands on three things on Torah, on worship, and on acts of gentle kindness. The prayer book relates, blessed is our God who created us for his honorand p lanted within us everlasting life. Of this context, the Talmud states, everything that God does is for the good, including suffering. The Jewish mystical Kabbalah gives complimentary esoteric meanings of life. As well as Judaism providing an inhering blood with God (personal theism), in Kabbalah the spiritual and physical creation is a paradoxical manifestation of the immanent aspects of Gods Being (panentheism), related to the Shekhinah (Divine feminine). Jewish observance unites the sephirot (Divine attributes) on high, restoring harmony to creation. In Lurianic Kabbalah, the meaning of life is the messianic rectification of the shattered sparks of Gods persona, exiled in physical existence (the Kelipot shells), through the actions of Jewish observance.75 Through this, in Chasidic Judaism the ultimate essential desire of God is the revelation of the Omnipresent Divine essence through materiality, achieved by man from within his limited physical realm, when the body will give li fe to the soul.ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy named after its prophet Zoroaster, which is believed to have influenced the beliefs of Judaism and its descendant religions.77 Zoroastrians believe in a universe created by a transcendental God, Ahura Mazda, to whom all worship is ultimately directed. Ahura Mazdas creation is asha, truth and order, and it is in conflict with its antithesis, druj, falsehood and disorder. (See also Zoroastrian eschatology). Since humanity possesses free will, people must be responsible for their moral choices. By using free will, people must take an active role in the universal conflict, with good thoughts, good words and good deeds to ensure happiness and to keep chaos at bay.

Homelands Golf Club Essay Example for Free

Homelands Golf association EssayGreat graph golf club is a local competitor meaning they ar close by to the crinkle. They are in the equal town. They are a competitor because they sell the same products and services. They sell golf accessories and clubs in the pro shop. Also they do such services the same as buckets of balls on the driving range, the cast aside and putt, and lessons. They coffin nail all ages mostly older people but a peck of children attend to company lessons. Were they meet and make new golf friends. They attract people who are new to golf because they score effective cheap lessons and easy facilities for new golfers.From Ashford fol depressed A28 towards Tenterden, turn right at the roundabout by Matalan store, signposted Great Chart. Take the first right as you enter the village (Ninn Lane). Follow this lane for a mile and a half, (look for the Bear signs), round a sharp right hand bend and the composite is on the left. St Andrews Golf Club St Andr ews is a national competitor. A national competitor is a business located in the United Kingdom. They are a competitor because they offer the same services. The services they render are green fees to the golf club.These are in truth expensive they in addition offer golf clubs and accessories for sales agreement. They tar become middle age people because it is a nice course and doesnt need to be ruined. This attracts a lot of people because it is one of the best well known golf courses in the United Kingdom. Ashford Golf Club Ashford golf club is another local competitor. It is in Ashford too. They are competitor because they also offer the same services as most golf clubs do. These include green fees to the course. They target all ages but take old people because the prices are high for children.This attracts lots of people because it is a good choice for low handicap golfers. Located 2. 8 miles from the centre of Ashford Kent, in the south east corner of the United Kingdom, a f ew miles inland from the ports of Folkestone and Dover. We are also just 15 miles from the City of Canterbury and 18 miles from Maidstone, the county town of Kent. Directions from the M20 information superhighway London Beach Golf Club is also a local competitor, you dont get many transnational competitors because only rarely people travel from across the world to visit a golf club.Unless its very well known. They are also a competitor because they sell the same products and do the same services. They also have a attached hotel so it is more popular. They sell buckets of balls on the driving range, putting greens, tack and putt and green fees. They target all ages and have connection with Homewood school to attract youngsters. People at Homewood get green fees, and pitch and putt free but the driving range is i 1 off. Nike golf can be prompted by many changes that Nikes competitors make.For example if they change their prices, Open a new store, start a big progressal campaign a nd more. If a competitor of Nike golf changed on that point prices Nike golf would be seeed badly. In retaliation Nike golf could lower their prices too, which will stop the customers spill to the competitors which would lose revenue if they did. If a competitor of Nike golf opened a new store this would affect Nike golf and they may lose revenue depending on the prices of the new store.To retaliate they could have a sale and lower their prices or even do some offers such as buy one get one free or 3 for the price of 2. This would work because the customers will buy products from Nike because the prices will be cheap and they are saving money. If a competitor started a new advertising campaign this would affect Nike golf because the customers will buy products from the competitors who will decrease Nikes revenue. To retaliate they could have a big promotion which is better than Nikes competitors and the products are cheaper, but they are still making a reasonable profit.

Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

rhythm for appreciate by William Shakespeare EssayI am forever directed by you Mariana I am directed by you Isabella. Both these lines are addressed to the Duke. What do they suggest active women status in this play? What separate evidence can you find to support your view? Measure for Measure is a play written by William Shakespeare in the seventeenth century which crucially presents the component of women. Women were viewed as pure and were not expected to be promiscuous, but dependent on men with some options or choices. Shakespeares interpretation of women in Measure for Measure very much reflects nines opinion of women at the time, where men had more freedom and should be given more respect than women. The auberge at that time was a patriarchal one, where a male was a considered a God tradele figure and ultimately the leader, and below him was the king and then the nobles. However, although the society gave men more rights than women, Measure for Measure demonst rates that men alike had more responsibilities.This is sh suffer through the situation with Claudio and Juliet, as although they are both equally to pick for Juliets pregnancy, it is Claudio facing the death penalty. The women of Measure for Measure are generally quite low in the ranks of brilliance and respect they are not spoken of with any importance. Juliet is the object of Claudios sexual release and Mariana is the long befuddled forgotten fiancee of Angelo, who was abandoned by him when she lost her dowry in a shipwreck.The only adult female who kind of breaks the trend of the lowly women is Isabella, who has the courage to stand up to Angelo for her chastity. In the firstborn half she is pushed surrounded by Angelo and Claudio while she decides what to do and refuses to respond Angelos advances, then in the second half, she takes her set outs from the Duke which shows that on the other hand she is still obedient toward the Duke, following all of his instructions. In A ct V, Scene 1, the Duke shows his opinion of women when talking to Mariana, he says Why, you are nothing then neither maid, widow nor wife.According to the Dukes point of view, the other woman who truly is free is Mistress Overdone as she earns her own money and is able to come up some freedom at least she doesnt have to stay at home cooking. The briny female character in Measure for Measure is Isabella she represents a very pure female character. This is first seen at the start of the play by the fact that she is training to become a nun and by the strong Christian values she appears to have. This is then emphasized later when she is told her brothers life will be saved if he agrees to sleep with Angelo.She refuses this offer, placing her chastity and her Christian values above her own life. This illustrates that a womans purity is super valued, while a woman being promiscuous is not accepted. Mariana is another female character in the play and she is quite different to Isabella . None of these three men, Angelo, Claudio or the Duke, seem to think that her Choice matters- her dust is to be bar crystalizeed for whether for lust, life or love.When the duke asks Mariana to allow him a private discussion with Isabella, she replies, I am always bound to you, as if she is speaking to an old friend. And again, when the duke tells her he respects her, she answers that she knows it and has found it to be true, suggesting a long-term relationship. This statement also shows that she is his subject. The adjective bound means that she is obliged to do as he wishes and also compelled to do so. She uses the adverb always to him which shows that she will always follow his example and will do his will in any condition.Her absolute trust is manifested when she agrees to entrust her chastity as the Friar asks. In the Jacobean society Shakespeare lived in, women would have always done as they were bid by order of men, but especially if the order was given by a man of religio n. These words show the absolute compliance that the Duke is able to gain through becoming a disguise (pseudo-)friar. The Duke abuses this religious power to gain insight into peoples souls for his own ends.He knows that Angelo wishes Isabella to give up the treasures of her body and uses the two women to gain more power over Angelo. The same applies to when Isabella says to the Duke, I am directed by you, this statement also shows how women respected men and how men were above in authority. As mentioned above, there are no independent women in Measure for Measure, this is not strange, considering the setting and Shakespeares own era there are prostitutes and nuns who are given no chance to control their own lives most of all they seem to have no choice in any matter.

The Recruit Essay Example for Free

The Recruit EssayThe book The Recruit by Robert Muchamore is an adventure jam-packed story ab turn out a boy called James Choke who makes some bad decisions and is sent to prison house where he spends the night in a cell and wakes up in the morning in a completely different location. James has been relocated to the campus of Cherub. Something that interested me in the story was how Cherub used teenagers to spy. Agents were used to feel evidence and stop terrorist plots to kill people. Cherub used the elements because people wouldnt be suspicious that a youngster would be a spy.Think about it if your child brought a friend home and he acted akin a normal child and appeared to be normal would you expect him/her to be spying on your for each one and every phone call, email, and movement? Quote although there have been many technical advantages in password operations since cherub was founded, the reason for its existence remains the same adults never suspect that children are spying on them. An important character in the novel the recruit is James Choke.James Choke or agent James Adams is important because he is the newest recruit at the cherub campus and he joins an fire mission to stop a terrorist group called Help Earth from releasing anthrax bacterium into the air at a group centre. The story follows James from when he was a normal teenager to when he is a member of the Cherubs team. An exciting piece of the story is when James Adams goes on his first mission. James first mission takes place in a hippy camp called Fort Harmony.James and Amy Collins must befriend the hippies and run across out more about the potential good time at Petrocon (where world leaders are encounter for an oil conference) by the terrorist group Help Earth. The two discover a plot to release anthrax bacteria into the air at the conference centre. They discover this when James discovers a secret hide out underground. They find a container filled with the bacteria and Jam es is admitted to hospital because of suspicions that he may have the bacteria in his body.James finds a storage tray in Fire and World Dunns remote insure cars. The trays were going to be used to transport the bacteria to the air conditioning units. They were caught before they could launce their attack at Petrocon. I was pleased to find out that in turn James was rewarded for outstanding campaign with a navy shirt (the shirt represents the level they are at), the satisfaction of completing his first mission, and the cognition that he had saved 200 peoples lives.

Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization Essay Example for Free

humans Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an organic law EssayThis essay will provide a definition to Human Resource (HR) and de margeine whether HR is the most important asset in the organization. The first part of the essay will discuss the enormousness of compassionate resource and how is it is essential to the success of any organization. The second part will identify the impacts on the consummateance of an organisation.Human Resource (HR) and Human Resource Management (HRM)Oswin (2011) states that human resource is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the crapforce of an organization. Rouse (2011) defines human resources as the people who work for the organization human resource management is really employee management with an emphasis on those employees as assets of the business. In summary, all organization are made up of men and women to take up positions to do specialized task and directly manage by human resource management.No matter what or ganization at that place are out there in the business world, neither technology nor machines can out pulse rate the importance of having qualified men and women to do the task. (Dashgarzadeh et al (2012) states that an organizations human resources are of strategic importance, because knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviours, and interactions of employees have the potential to influence organizational performance. It is true that without technology, the amount of time needed to mass declare their products will take a longer time but what are these machines without the people who operate them. battalion PracticesNoe et al (2012) states that HRM practices include analyzing and designing work, determining human resource needs (HR planning), attracting potential employees (recruiting), choosing employees (selection), teaching employees how to perform their jobs and preparing them for the future (training and development), rewarding employees (compensation), evaluating their performa nce (performance management), and creating a positive work environment (employee relation). From the stated above, we can discern that there a lot of money and time dog-tired to recruit the right people and particularise them for the right job. In a study shows by Fleming (2008), it can take up to 8000 to replace a staff member.Impact to Organisations PerformanceA huge percentage of an organizations budgets are spent on human resources in the form of recruiting, training and development, salaries, benefits and compensation. With the substantial amount of money invested on human resource, the returns must be of a measurable benefit to the organization. (U.S Office of Personnel Management (OPM) 1999 3). If the organization decides to skip over costs, in-house coaching or mentoring would be an ideal step to reassure their development are up to tally instead of reducing staff whom they had spent time and money on. By deploying a non-qualified employee to a genuine task is disast rous to any organization.Selection Choosing EmployeesAt this stage, the organization will be conducting interviews to determine the suitableness and abilities of the candidate for the job. By employing an experienced and knowledgeable candidate means the organization would be able to pass less resources, like money and operational hours, to train and develop the individual to meet the standards that is required. By doing so, the organization would be able to save or invest on other resources to increase the productivity.ConclusionHuman resources are the most important assets a modern organization has, because only human beings can make, convert and exercise knowledge (Write Works, 2006). It is an utmost important that the organization recruit, select, train and develop the right people and ensure that their welfare and benefits are taken care of. I must say that every person operative in the organization is the backbone and play a major role in the success or failure of an orga nization, regardless of how major or minor their job may be.

Sexual Sadism And Sex Offenders Psychology Essay

intimate Sadism And Sex Offenders Psychology EssaySexual Sadism is a type of paraphilia that may involve making a person suffer in close to focal point that may or may not lead to death. It varies from extreme sortings of anguish to mild. It provide be with a consensual partner who is a masochist and withal the injuring of a non consensual person. Sexual sadists ordinarily study psychological disorders such as psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder which can explain their level of vehemence and their lack of empathy for their victims.Many sex wrongdoers are diagnosed with Paraphilias and familiar disorders. Paraphilias are recurrent intense knowledgeable arousing fantasies or urges involving nonhu adult male objects, suffering, humiliation of oneself or ones partner, children or non consenting persons (APA, 1994). For n beforehand(predicate) people these fantasies are necessary to grasp erotic arousal whereas for other(a)s they are episodic and the individua l can be stimulated otherwise. This type of way, urges and fantasies can cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. It has to hold over a period of at least six months (APA, 1994) .One of the most perilous paraphilias is knowledgeable sadism, which involves strength that may lead to death in which the offender gets familiar pleasure by inflicting put out on the victim. fit in to the DSM IV, familiar sadism is the act of humiliating, binding, beating, or making another person suffer in some way were versed excitement is the result of correspond over the victim. It typically develops in adolescence with fires coming from masochistic masturbatory practices. Autoerotic asphyxia is a practice that constricts the oxygen during masturbation, accomplished with the use of a strangulation device. The take is to create a higher level of sexual excitement through the restriction of oxygen in the brain (Terry, 2006). The restrictio n of oxygen itself its not whats sexual exciting that its the combination of the carriage, lack of oxygen, danger and the fantasy. Sexual sadists are aroused by the torture and pain of the victim which can lead to death, only if there offenders do not derive satisfaction from the murder itself. They are likely to mutilate and torture their victims becoming to a greater extent aroused as there is an increase in the level of agony.Sexual sadism is ordinarily not consensual and involves injury or death to the victim. The element of fear in the victim and staring(a) control of the victim is the major stimuli in sexual sadism. Such as severe beating, torture, burning, cutting, rape and murder. Sexual offenders who are potentially most likely to meet the criteria of sexual sadism are typically those who sexually desecrate or who molest children. Some of the characteristics for sexual offenders are usually, schizoid, psychopath, antisocial, narcissist, lack or social skills and con sanguinitys. Sadists have been be to exhibit a large number of other paraphilias including transvestic fetishism, masochism, voyeurism, and exhibitionism. Some have alcohol and medicine abuse, obsession traits, collects pornography, a history of impaired social relationships, physical and sexual abuse in childhood and extensive fantasy lives incorporating detailed sadistic fantasies (Kirch).Sex offenders who are sadistic usually lack empathy and feeling which dexterity be a reason why they commit the most violence to their victims because they detach themselves. Deficits in empathy facilitate offending behavior, suggesting that offenders lack of awareness or sensitivity to other peoples feelings may impair their powerfulness to appreciate the effects of their behavior on others (Kirsch). Emotions such as anger and shame are believed to elicit aggressive and retributive fantasies, and these fantasies are maintained and enhanced through the process of positive and negative fra ntic reinforcement. Feelings of inferiority are believed to be reduced during fantasy, while feelings of control, power, and dominance are enhanced.Sexual sadism may dismay with fantasies and in some cases these may never be acted upon or be acted out in the more mild forms of consensual relationships. sadistic fantasies and behaviors can admit dominance, humiliation, bondage, biting, burning, whipping, penetration with foreign objects, strangulation, and mutilation of the body (Kirsch) Sadistic sexual fantasies are notedin certain adolescents. In some of these the fantasies serves rehearsal for future sadistic sexual acts, especially in adolescents with callous-unemotional personality who often emerge in adult life as psychopaths(Stone, 2010) . on that point is a difference in practicing sadism with a consenting partner and non consenting partner. In non-consensual cases, the behavior usually continues and often escalates over time as the perpetrator experiences a need for incre ased violence in order to stimulate the sexual response. The level of sadism varies from being in control, dominant and submissive in which the offender does this to a masochist person to injuring a non consensual partner. Sexual sadism is found predominately in males and usually onsets with puberty although sadistic behavior may be observable earlier in children. In all male cases, it becomes evident by early adulthood. In cases of female sexual sadism, onset is often later and often triggered by relationships with men who want to be dominated.Kraft-Ebbing suggested that mastering and possessing an absolutely defenceless human object is part of sadism. He sub- classified sexual sadism into several categories including lust murder where there was a connection between sexual arousal and killing which may extend to cannibalism. These men are thought to rarely derive sexual satisfaction from the assault or murder and this distinguishes them from lust murderers for whom aggression and sexuality become fused into a single psychological experience sadism in which aggression is eroticized (Myers, W.C., Burgess, A.W., Burgess, A.G. and Douglas, J.E., 1999. Serial murder and sexual homicide. In avant-garde Hasselt, V. and Hersen, M., Editors, 1999. Handbook of psychological approaches with violent offenders, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 153-172.Marshall,2003)Then theres the offender who mutilates the corpses, those who like to injure females, defilement of women, symbolic sadism, ideal sadism or sadistic fantasies alone without acts, sadism with other objects and sadistic acts with animals.MaccCulloch argues that the wish to control that is the primary motivating force in sadism, and because there is a range of degrees and kinds of control which can be applied by one person to another, sadism may manifest itself in a variety of ways. Normal sexual relationships include elements of dominance and submission, and hence control indeed, modern manual s of sexual behavior often include bondage games as part of a suggested repertoire of sexual activity He defines sadism as the repeated practice of behavior and fantasy which is characterized by a wish to control another person by domination, denigration or inflicting pain, for the purpose of producing mental pleasure and sexual arousal whether or not accompanied by approach in the sadist. The range of controlling behavior under consideration forms a continuum from subtle verbal control through various types of psychological control to actual physical intervention such as bondage, imprisonment, hypnosis, anesthesia and even blows to render the victim unconscious or dead. As sadistic behavior gives pleasure to the sadist, and self-pleasuring behavior almost always has to be contrived, it would be expected that sadists devise situations which enable them to practice their sadism. If a of import feature of sadism is control, then sadists would be expected to seek out actively and crea te situations where they have control. The idea that assailants stage-manage their control over others in order to give themselves pleasure provides a new frame of origin (Kuhne, 1962)Among sexual sadists ritualistic behaviors are one of the defining features. Not all the men violate the letter of the law, however much they may violate the spirit of the law. Some seek, and manage to achieve, attachment to willing partners (Stone, 2010). Researchers Janet warren and Roy Hazelwood interviewed female partners of sexual sadists. Seven of the 20 sexual sadists with whom these women had affiliated had also murdered some of their victims .The relationships with these women were consensual, at least in the early phases women had histories of having gone through physical abuse from a parent, or nine of the women were victims of incest by a father, brother, or even a female relative. These experiences these women experienced at an early age from their care takers allowed them to somehow ex pect, tolerate, and in some instances, even desire sadistic treatment at the hands of their sexual partners. The sexual sadists themselves initiated their partners into sadistic practices through a series of stages. In the candy and flowers stage, the man would win a woman with gifts, be a gentle man and be tender towards her, but then progress to a stage in which he expanded her sexual repertoire surface beyond, and alien to, her prior experience. This might take such forms as forced anal sex, bondage, urinating on the woman, measured choking with release before unconsciousness occurred, etc. The mans quest for domination and total control might proceed to cutting the woman off from relatives and friends, such that she were now his sexual slave. If she were lucky, the pattern would progress no further. But in some cases, the drama would end in her death. Those sexual sadists who maintained ongoing relationships with a wife or girlfriend might lead a kind of double life, in which they exacted pain and suffering of a controlled sort with their partners, but also had a secret life in which they trolled for other women whom they tortured and murdered. In a number of examples, the female partners were forced into becoming the inadvertent accomplices of sexually sadistic torture murder of other women. Some of these women, having been compliant in the beginning, desperately wanted out of the relationship toward the end but they were routinely threatened with torture and death themselves if they dared to exercise that option.Robert Anderson is an example of a sexual sadist who abducted bagpiper Streyle and ended up killing her. Her husband Vance Streyle remembered him coming to their trailer days before his wifes abduction to expect about enrolling his kids into bible camp for the children. Several witnesses had seen Robert parked almost the Streyles trailer in his black truck. When interviewed by the investigators he denied knowing anything about Pipers abductio n or her whereabouts. It wasnt until the investigators got a search warrant to search his car and home.When investigators searched his car they found a wooden platform that had holes drilled into it. It was believed that it was made as a restraining device in which a persons ankles and hands could be tied to metal hoops that were strategically inserted into the board. The investigative team also found hairs attached to the wooden platform, which genetically matched pipers. More gruesome physical evidence was discovered around the river, which included several lengths of rope and chains, eyebolts, a vibrator and a half burned candle. It was believed that these items were used to torture Piper. According to investigators Hazelwood and Michaud, there was sufficient proof that Anderson was a sexual sadist who was excited by the physical and psychological suffering and helplessness of his victim. Their opinion was based on four factors one of them being that Anderson displayed an obvious interest in sexual bondage, a hallmark of the sexual sadist, which was represented by the restraints, dildo, partially burnt candle, eyebolts, fetter , keys, duct tape and plywood platform. The evidence found by investigators clearly indicated physical torture. It was surmised that after Piper was abducted, Anderson drove her to a wooded area near Baltic. While there he may have bound her to the platform, gagged her with duct tape, sheared her shirt off and then methodically tortured her with the dildo and candle before raping her. It is believed that he then murdered Piper and disposed of her body. Anderson admitted to police and friends that he liked anal sex, a preference his wife did not share. Research conducted by Hazelwood and Michaud found that sexual sadists prefer this form of sex. They believed that the dildo was used by Anderson to act out his fantasy.ConclusionReference PageStone ,M.H.(2010). Sexual Sadism A portrait of Evil. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoa nalysis Dynamic Psychiatry, Vol 38, 133-157Kirsch,L.G, Becker,J.V .(2007). Emotional Deficits in psychopathy and sexual sadism Implications for violent and sadistic behavior. Clinical psychology review. Vol 27, 904-922Marshall,W.L, Kennedy,P.(2003).Sexual sadism in sexual offenders An illusive diagnosis. Agression and violent behavior, Vol 8, 1-22MacCulloch,M.J et al (1983). Sadistic Fantasy, Sadistic Behavior and Offending. Brit . J. Psychiat, 143, 20-29Rachel,B .(2003) Robert Anderson Awakening The Devil.Retrieved May 2,2010 from trutv website http//www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/robert_anderson/8.htmlTerry, K.J. (2006) Sexual Offenses and Offenders Theory, Practice, and Policy. Pgs 84-91